【题解】剑指Offer-37 序列化二叉树

序列化二叉树(剑指Offer-37)

题面

请实现两个函数,分别用来序列化和反序列化二叉树。

示例

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你可以将以下二叉树:

1
/ \
2 3
/ \
4 5

序列化为 "[1,2,3,null,null,4,5]"

思路

BFS层序遍历即可,注意,如果节点为null,则它的子节点就不记录。

1
2
3
4
5
1
\
2
/
3

表示为[1,null,2,3] 而非[1,null,2,null,null,3]

反序列化时不能使用父子节点的下标关系。

代码

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/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
* };
*/
class Codec {
public:

// Encodes a tree to a single string.
string serialize(TreeNode* root) {
if(root == nullptr) return "[]";
string res = "[";
queue<TreeNode *> q;
q.push(root);
while(!q.empty()){
TreeNode *t = q.front(); q.pop();
if(t == nullptr){
res += "null,";
}else{
res += to_string(t->val) + ",";
q.push(t->left);
q.push(t->right);
}
}
res[res.length()-1] = ']';
return res;
}

// Decodes your encoded data to tree.
TreeNode* deserialize(string data) {
if(data=="[]") return nullptr;
vector<TreeNode *> v;
for(int i=0; i<data.length(); i++){
if(data[i]=='-' || isdigit(data[i])){
int f=1, x=0;
if(data[i]=='-'){
f = -1;
i++;
}
for(; isdigit(data[i]); i++){
x = x*10 + (data[i]-'0');
}
i--; x *= f;
TreeNode *p = new TreeNode(x);
v.push_back(p);
}else if(data[i]=='n'){
v.push_back(nullptr);
i += 3;
}
}
for(int i=0, j=1; i<v.size()&&j<v.size(); i++,j++){
while(v[i]==nullptr) i++;
v[i]->left = v[j++];
v[i]->right = v[j];
}
return v[0];
}
};

// Your Codec object will be instantiated and called as such:
// Codec codec;
// codec.deserialize(codec.serialize(root));